Definition of Takaful
Definition according to Shari'ah insurance National Shariah Council is
an attempt to protect each other and mutual help among people through
investment in assets and or tabarru ' which gives the pattern of return
to face the risks / dangers of certain covenants through in accordance
with sharia .Takaful
is a mutual effort and mutual help protect among a number of people /
parties through investment in assets and or tabarru ' which gives the
pattern of return to face a particular risk through the contract (
engagement ) in accordance with Sharia . Takaful is one of the Islamic economic system is based on universal and apply to all the assurance and segments of society . Takaful does not contain things like uncertainty , gambling , usury , abuse, bribery , illicit goods and immoral .Insurance is also called the Shari'ah meaning ta'awun insurance please help or mutual aid . Therefore
it can be said that the basic principle ta'awun Insurance law is the
basis of mutual tolerance towards fellow human beings to establish unity
in disaster relieve experienced participants . This principle is in accordance with the word of Allah in surah Al
Maidah verse 2 , which means : " And help one another in goodness and
piety menolonglah and do not help each other in sin and enmity "Insurance which has been used by the majority of the public (
non-Islamic ) insurance is not known by the predecessors of the Islamic
jurists , because it does not include a transaction known by the Islamic
Fiqh , nor from among the companions who discuss legal .
The most fundamental difference between the system of Islamic insurance to the conventional insurance system .1 . Conventional
insurance only recognize or enforce the claims of policyholders , such
as accidents , death or things that are not desirable and all that has
been written in the contract agreement . Consequently
, if the policyholder is not stricken , during contract still in
progress , then the policyholder can not claim it . This system invites policyholders get around to getting naughty with claims greater than the funds that have been insured . This
Penyiasatan mengiring specific engineering , such as arson attempts to
kill even though not done directly by the holder of the engineering
polis.Praktek a criminal act against the law , even a very disfiguring
human dignity . For
victims who suffer , not just insurance companies , but also members of
the public who may have never associated with asuransi.Sementara
institution , if the type of insurance products are not associated with
events such as death , fire , accident or disaster , the conventional
insurance policyholder , nor can enjoy duty refund has not been passed during the times specified . Also , if the policyholder can not pass on its obligations , then the
funds that had been deposited into hangus.Prinsip the basis of
conventional insurance , insurance Shari'ah clearly different .2 . The
basic principle of takaful Shari'ah departed from a philosophy that
humans originated from a single lineage, of Adam and Eve . Thus , man is essentially a large family . In
order to achieve a common life , human beings should please help (
ta'awun ) and mutually do good ( tabarru ) and bear one another (
Takaful ) . This principle is the foundation for the activities of humans as social beings . From this philosophical footing , at least there are three basic
principles of the Shari'ah insurance , which is responsible for each
other , working together and mutually protect each other suffering .
Advantage Insurance Sharia
Islamic
insurance benefits outlined very different to conventional insurance ,
ie , the policyholder is positioned as savers , then by law , the funds
are insured , together with savings as well . With its position as savings , then there are two advantages to be gained directly . First , the Islamic insurance fund for each policyholder will receive additional value . This
additional value is not of interest , but the result of a system
mudharabah financial benefit of the insurance policy of cooperation with
banks Shari'ah Shari'ah . In this case , the Shari'ah insurance , the
policyholder entrusts funds as investment instruments managed
institutions Shari'ah finance , eg bank or mutual fund Shari'ah Shari'ah . premiums for the context in question is a premium savings . While
the Bank's Shariah system there is a provision that anyone who
participated in the project business , he will get the results on gains
from cooperation . Because
it is the policyholder , are entitled to the profits achieved shariah
bank . If we examine the addition of an insurance fund that enjoyed by
the policyholder , is the real fruit of a partnership or cooperation
policy between Sharia Sharia Insurance and Bank '' ah . This is one of the hallmarks of Sharia Insurance . In this case we can ask the comparatively between conventional insurance with insurance Shari'ah . Have insurance fund increase in value occurs . Only insured Shari'ah would happen . Other insurance is not at all clear . second
, that the policyholder at any time , for any reason unable to continue
the relationship with the insurance agency Shari'ah , so he
unilaterally cut ties with insurers Shari'ah . This termination does not cause the funds forfeited . He is the policyholder , has the right and obligation to recover the funds are insured . It is not completely ( 100 % ) of funds that have been insured , it will be returned . Because the policyholder funds will be reduced tabarru funds ( fund policy ) . And
it must be noted , that the policyholder still get additional funds
from the premiums that have been paid in capital results . Although
there was a slight reduction , but , it is far better returns than
conventional insurance system that burned a total of policyholder funds .
Further important to note , that the practice of Islamic insurance are free from prohibited practices .
Sharia Insurance
In
practice sharia insurance , return of premium to most customers in the
form of surplus sharing mechanism glance similar to the conventional
insurance is known as â € Oeno Claim Discount ( NCD ) â €? . For
example , a vehicle insurance policy holder in a conventional insurance
company will get a discount at the time the policy was extended again
in the next year (provided during the coverage period does not claim ) .
From
the point of Islamic insurance , such as the discount mechanism is of
course different from the mudaraba as NCD is only applied if the policy
holder was about to extend her policy . In Islamic insurance , mudaraba rights remain payable to the participant even though he did not renew the policy . Accordingly , NCD and the results can be applied as well in Islamic insurance , but not for conventional insurance .Because
the coverage period for insurance products ( eg fire insurance , motor
vehicle , personal accident , etc. ) are usually valid for a period of
one year, then this product does not contain a savings element ( non-
saving) so that the entire premium collected will be incorporated into one pool / fund for later managed by the company based on Islamic principles . Of
the total funds plus investment returns and reduced insurance expenses (
commission agents , reinsurance premiums , claims , etc. ) , then if
there is surplus then the surplus will are shared between the
participants and the company with the ratio specified in the initial
agreement .
Saturday, 18 January 2014
Values in Management Takaful
Values in Management Takaful
Islamic insurance is one of the instruments of transactions , which is operational systems adapted to Islamic law . So the contract , fund management mechanism , the mechanism of the company's operations , corporate culture ( corporate culture shariah ) , marketing , product , etc. must be in accordance with sharia . But the bottom line is also that the Takaful not solely have to run the operating system in accordance with Islamic principles . But more than that , he also had to implement a value into the "heart " of the principles of sharia .Adhering to these values is very important . Because these values sesusungguhnya which is the spirit of the operating system is done sharia . The loss of these values will have an impact on hiilangnya " spirit " of sharia . For example, the relationship aspect mudaraba , where there are two parties ; shahibul maal ( capital owners ) , and mudharib ( businessman ) . Shahibul mudharib Maal asked to manage their funds , but with the proviso that the revenue sharing that would result halved to 90 % and 10 % Shahibul Maal to mudharib . In fiqh , mudharabah committed by both sides in the above is valid . Because it has met all the pillars and requirements mudharabah . But in " value " , the contract is flawed because it does not give justice to mudharib portion . Mudharib only benefit 10 % while 90 % shahibul maal . For this reason, in the run Islamic insurance business , also indispensable upholding Islamic values , Islamic insurance operations in order to truly reflect the true Islamic spirit . Here are 10 fundamental value in the management of Islamic insurance , namely :
1 . The principle of Tawheed
Tawheed is the fundamental principle in Islamic insurance . Because on every Muslim should underlying haekekatnya himself with monotheism in carrying out any activity of life , is no exception in bermuamalah ( read ; insured sharia ) . This means that the basic intention when the insured should be based on the Shariah principle of tawhid , expect the pleasure of Allah SWT . For example, in terms of the company , the principles used in sharia insurance is not merely profit , or capture market opportunities that are being tended to on the sharia . But more than that , the intention initially was to implement Islamic values in the world of insurance . In terms of customers , sharia insurance is intended to trade in the form of mutual help which is based on sharia principles , and not merely for " protection " in the event of a disaster . Thus , the value of tawhid been implemented in the Takaful industry . Allah says :
And I created not the jinn and men but that they may worship Me . ( Surah 51 : 56 )
2 . Principles of Justice
The second principle which becomes the values in the implementation of Islamic insurance is the principle of justice . This means that Islamic insurance should really be fair , especially in making the relationship between the clients and customers , and between customers and Islamic insurance companies , relating to the rights and obligations of each . Islamic insurance should not be mendzalimi customers with things that would be difficult or detrimental to customers .Viewed from the side as an insurance company, the potential for injustice is enormous . As with any element of forfeited funds ( on saving products ) , where customers are already participating insurance ( eg insurance education ) with a particular period , but for some reason he canceled the membership midway . In Islamic insurance , saving customers money through premiums paid to be returned to the customer in question , the following investment results . Islamic insurance sometimes even feel confused when there is a customer saving funds that have withdrawn or disconnected in the middle of the period of insurance , then do not take the funds have dhubungi despite either by mail or through other media . Want dikemanakan this fund ? Because these funds do not belong to Islamic insurance , but belongs to customers . But the years have been notified or contacted , the customer in question did not take it well . It is certainly different from insurance in general . Allah says :O you who believe , you shall be the ones who always uphold the truth as God , bearing witness with justice . And do not ever hatred of a people , encourage you to apply unfair . Be fair , equitable because it is closer to piety . And fear Allah , surely Allah is Aware of what you do . ( Surah Al - Maidah / 5 : 08 )
3 . Please Principles to Help
The spirit of mutual help is a very important aspect in the Takaful operations . Because the hekekatnya , the concept of Islamic insurance based on this principle . Where fellow participants bertabarru ' or charity for the benefit of other customers who suffered . The Customer is not charity to Islamic insurance companies , participants donate only to other participants only. Islamic insurance companies act as the manager alone . Consequently , the company is not entitled to claim or take funds tabarru ' customers . The company just getting from ujrah ( fee ) tabarru fund management ' , which is paid by the customer in conjunction with the payment of contributions ( premiums ) . Islamic insurance companies manage tabarru 'fund , to be invested ( sharia ) and later allocated to other customers afflicted . And with such a concept , means the customer has implemented a fellow helping each other , even though they are not among each other face to face . Allah says :
And please help was you in goodness and piety , and do not you help bertolong in sin and enmity . ( Surah Al - Maidah : 2 )
4 . Principles of Cooperation
Between the customer and the cooperation established Islamic insurance company , depending on what the contract uses. With mudharabah musytarakah ( will be explained separately in the discussion about this particular contract agreement ) , established cooperation where the customer acts as shahibul maal ( capital owners ) while Islamic insurance company as mudharib ( manager / entrepreneur ) . If there is a benefit from the fund , it will be divided based on the agreed ratio , eg 40 % for Islamic insurance companies and 60 % for customers . When cooperation are good , customers fulfill their rights and obligations , as well as Islamic insurance companies fulfill their rights and duties as well, then the pattern will be established good cooperation relationship also , which God willing will bring a blessing on both sides .
5 . The principle of Amanah
Amanah is also a very important principle . Because this life is essentially a mandate that would have to be justified before God Almighty . Companies are required to manage the trust fund premiums . Likewise, customers , need to trust in the aspect of risk that happened . Do not let the customers do not trust in the sense that there is something so ridiculous that it should not claim to be a claim which would result in harm other participants . The company was also such, should not be arbitrary in taking advantage , the impact on customer harm . And transaction trust, will bring the perpetrators to get heaven . Rasulullah SAW said :
An honest businessman longer trustworthy , ( later to be collected in the afterlife ) with the prophets , siddiqin and martyrs ' . (Narrated Turmudzi )
6 . Principle of Mutual Rida ( ' An Taradhin )
In any transaction , an aspect taradhin or should be pleased to be with each other . Customer pleasure of funds managed by insurance companies are trustworthy and professional sharia . Islamic insurance company 's approval and obtain any mandate entrusted customers in managing contributions ( premiums ) them . Likewise, the customer 's approval of funds allocated to other customers nasbah - afflicted , to lighten the burden of their suffering . With this principle , the Takaful helping each other make has a broad and deep meaning , because everything is helping with sincerity and pleasure , in collaboration with sincerity and pleasure , as well as transact with sincerity and pleasure as well .
7 . Principle Avoiding Riba
Usury is a form of transaction that should be avoided as far as possible , especially in insurance. Because usury is sebatil - batilnya muamalah transaction . Depth smallest sin of usury is like committing adultery with his own mother ( see the enormity of the sin of usury , in this blog ) . Contributions ( premiums ) paid by the customer , must be invested in accordance with Shariah investment and it is obvious halal . Likewise, the operating system should also deploy an Islamic insurance concept of risk sharing , which is based on contract tabarru ' , thus eliminating the element of riba in Islamic insurance benefits administration ( claims ) to customers .
8 . Avoiding Gambling Principles.
Insurance if conventionally managed to bring the element of gambling ( gambling ) . Because a customer may be paying a premium of up to a dozen times but never claim . On the other hand there is a new one-time customers who pay premiums and claims . This happens , because the basic concepts used in conventional insurance is the concept of transfer of risk . Where the conventional insurance companies when it receives a premium , the premium automatically become the property of the company , and when any claim is paid from the company's account . So the company can profit besara ( makala premiums and claims a bit much ) , or it can lose a lot ( when premiums and claims a bit much ) .
9 . Avoiding the principle of Gharar
Gharar is uncertainty . And talk about the risks , is talking about the lack of clarity . Because risk can not be happening . And in Islamic law , we are not allowed to trade related aspects of obscurity . In insurance ( conventional ) , participants did not know whether he got the claim or not ? Because the claims are very dependent on the risk that happened . If there is a risk , then he will be able to claim , but if not then he is not assigned the claim . Things like this into existence gharar , because the contract or concept used is the transfer of risk . Whereas if you use sharing aspects of risk , lack of clarity was not an gharar . But be something to watch out for, if there is a fellow customer who will help each other to the affected participants , drawn from tabarru 'fund managed by the Islamic insurance company ( not from corporate funds ) .
10 . Avoiding principle risywah
In conducting its business , both parties and the Islamic insurance customers should abstain as far away from aspects risywah ( bribe bribe or bribery ) . Because whatever he argued , would definitely benefit risywah one hand , and surely there will be other parties aggrieved . Customers should not be bribed officers for example in order to get the benefit of insurance ( claims ) . Or otherwise the company does not need to be bribed in order to obtain premium ( contribution ) insurance . But all must be done well , transparent , fair and based on the Muslim brotherhood .Here are ten basic principles in Islamic insurance management mechanism . And how beautiful these ten principles , if implemented well in Islamic insurance . And after reading these ten principles , do not you interested in sharia insurance ... ?
Wallahu A’lam bis shawab
Islamic insurance is one of the instruments of transactions , which is operational systems adapted to Islamic law . So the contract , fund management mechanism , the mechanism of the company's operations , corporate culture ( corporate culture shariah ) , marketing , product , etc. must be in accordance with sharia . But the bottom line is also that the Takaful not solely have to run the operating system in accordance with Islamic principles . But more than that , he also had to implement a value into the "heart " of the principles of sharia .Adhering to these values is very important . Because these values sesusungguhnya which is the spirit of the operating system is done sharia . The loss of these values will have an impact on hiilangnya " spirit " of sharia . For example, the relationship aspect mudaraba , where there are two parties ; shahibul maal ( capital owners ) , and mudharib ( businessman ) . Shahibul mudharib Maal asked to manage their funds , but with the proviso that the revenue sharing that would result halved to 90 % and 10 % Shahibul Maal to mudharib . In fiqh , mudharabah committed by both sides in the above is valid . Because it has met all the pillars and requirements mudharabah . But in " value " , the contract is flawed because it does not give justice to mudharib portion . Mudharib only benefit 10 % while 90 % shahibul maal . For this reason, in the run Islamic insurance business , also indispensable upholding Islamic values , Islamic insurance operations in order to truly reflect the true Islamic spirit . Here are 10 fundamental value in the management of Islamic insurance , namely :
1 . The principle of Tawheed
Tawheed is the fundamental principle in Islamic insurance . Because on every Muslim should underlying haekekatnya himself with monotheism in carrying out any activity of life , is no exception in bermuamalah ( read ; insured sharia ) . This means that the basic intention when the insured should be based on the Shariah principle of tawhid , expect the pleasure of Allah SWT . For example, in terms of the company , the principles used in sharia insurance is not merely profit , or capture market opportunities that are being tended to on the sharia . But more than that , the intention initially was to implement Islamic values in the world of insurance . In terms of customers , sharia insurance is intended to trade in the form of mutual help which is based on sharia principles , and not merely for " protection " in the event of a disaster . Thus , the value of tawhid been implemented in the Takaful industry . Allah says :
And I created not the jinn and men but that they may worship Me . ( Surah 51 : 56 )
2 . Principles of Justice
The second principle which becomes the values in the implementation of Islamic insurance is the principle of justice . This means that Islamic insurance should really be fair , especially in making the relationship between the clients and customers , and between customers and Islamic insurance companies , relating to the rights and obligations of each . Islamic insurance should not be mendzalimi customers with things that would be difficult or detrimental to customers .Viewed from the side as an insurance company, the potential for injustice is enormous . As with any element of forfeited funds ( on saving products ) , where customers are already participating insurance ( eg insurance education ) with a particular period , but for some reason he canceled the membership midway . In Islamic insurance , saving customers money through premiums paid to be returned to the customer in question , the following investment results . Islamic insurance sometimes even feel confused when there is a customer saving funds that have withdrawn or disconnected in the middle of the period of insurance , then do not take the funds have dhubungi despite either by mail or through other media . Want dikemanakan this fund ? Because these funds do not belong to Islamic insurance , but belongs to customers . But the years have been notified or contacted , the customer in question did not take it well . It is certainly different from insurance in general . Allah says :O you who believe , you shall be the ones who always uphold the truth as God , bearing witness with justice . And do not ever hatred of a people , encourage you to apply unfair . Be fair , equitable because it is closer to piety . And fear Allah , surely Allah is Aware of what you do . ( Surah Al - Maidah / 5 : 08 )
3 . Please Principles to Help
The spirit of mutual help is a very important aspect in the Takaful operations . Because the hekekatnya , the concept of Islamic insurance based on this principle . Where fellow participants bertabarru ' or charity for the benefit of other customers who suffered . The Customer is not charity to Islamic insurance companies , participants donate only to other participants only. Islamic insurance companies act as the manager alone . Consequently , the company is not entitled to claim or take funds tabarru ' customers . The company just getting from ujrah ( fee ) tabarru fund management ' , which is paid by the customer in conjunction with the payment of contributions ( premiums ) . Islamic insurance companies manage tabarru 'fund , to be invested ( sharia ) and later allocated to other customers afflicted . And with such a concept , means the customer has implemented a fellow helping each other , even though they are not among each other face to face . Allah says :
And please help was you in goodness and piety , and do not you help bertolong in sin and enmity . ( Surah Al - Maidah : 2 )
4 . Principles of Cooperation
Between the customer and the cooperation established Islamic insurance company , depending on what the contract uses. With mudharabah musytarakah ( will be explained separately in the discussion about this particular contract agreement ) , established cooperation where the customer acts as shahibul maal ( capital owners ) while Islamic insurance company as mudharib ( manager / entrepreneur ) . If there is a benefit from the fund , it will be divided based on the agreed ratio , eg 40 % for Islamic insurance companies and 60 % for customers . When cooperation are good , customers fulfill their rights and obligations , as well as Islamic insurance companies fulfill their rights and duties as well, then the pattern will be established good cooperation relationship also , which God willing will bring a blessing on both sides .
5 . The principle of Amanah
Amanah is also a very important principle . Because this life is essentially a mandate that would have to be justified before God Almighty . Companies are required to manage the trust fund premiums . Likewise, customers , need to trust in the aspect of risk that happened . Do not let the customers do not trust in the sense that there is something so ridiculous that it should not claim to be a claim which would result in harm other participants . The company was also such, should not be arbitrary in taking advantage , the impact on customer harm . And transaction trust, will bring the perpetrators to get heaven . Rasulullah SAW said :
An honest businessman longer trustworthy , ( later to be collected in the afterlife ) with the prophets , siddiqin and martyrs ' . (Narrated Turmudzi )
6 . Principle of Mutual Rida ( ' An Taradhin )
In any transaction , an aspect taradhin or should be pleased to be with each other . Customer pleasure of funds managed by insurance companies are trustworthy and professional sharia . Islamic insurance company 's approval and obtain any mandate entrusted customers in managing contributions ( premiums ) them . Likewise, the customer 's approval of funds allocated to other customers nasbah - afflicted , to lighten the burden of their suffering . With this principle , the Takaful helping each other make has a broad and deep meaning , because everything is helping with sincerity and pleasure , in collaboration with sincerity and pleasure , as well as transact with sincerity and pleasure as well .
7 . Principle Avoiding Riba
Usury is a form of transaction that should be avoided as far as possible , especially in insurance. Because usury is sebatil - batilnya muamalah transaction . Depth smallest sin of usury is like committing adultery with his own mother ( see the enormity of the sin of usury , in this blog ) . Contributions ( premiums ) paid by the customer , must be invested in accordance with Shariah investment and it is obvious halal . Likewise, the operating system should also deploy an Islamic insurance concept of risk sharing , which is based on contract tabarru ' , thus eliminating the element of riba in Islamic insurance benefits administration ( claims ) to customers .
8 . Avoiding Gambling Principles.
Insurance if conventionally managed to bring the element of gambling ( gambling ) . Because a customer may be paying a premium of up to a dozen times but never claim . On the other hand there is a new one-time customers who pay premiums and claims . This happens , because the basic concepts used in conventional insurance is the concept of transfer of risk . Where the conventional insurance companies when it receives a premium , the premium automatically become the property of the company , and when any claim is paid from the company's account . So the company can profit besara ( makala premiums and claims a bit much ) , or it can lose a lot ( when premiums and claims a bit much ) .
9 . Avoiding the principle of Gharar
Gharar is uncertainty . And talk about the risks , is talking about the lack of clarity . Because risk can not be happening . And in Islamic law , we are not allowed to trade related aspects of obscurity . In insurance ( conventional ) , participants did not know whether he got the claim or not ? Because the claims are very dependent on the risk that happened . If there is a risk , then he will be able to claim , but if not then he is not assigned the claim . Things like this into existence gharar , because the contract or concept used is the transfer of risk . Whereas if you use sharing aspects of risk , lack of clarity was not an gharar . But be something to watch out for, if there is a fellow customer who will help each other to the affected participants , drawn from tabarru 'fund managed by the Islamic insurance company ( not from corporate funds ) .
10 . Avoiding principle risywah
In conducting its business , both parties and the Islamic insurance customers should abstain as far away from aspects risywah ( bribe bribe or bribery ) . Because whatever he argued , would definitely benefit risywah one hand , and surely there will be other parties aggrieved . Customers should not be bribed officers for example in order to get the benefit of insurance ( claims ) . Or otherwise the company does not need to be bribed in order to obtain premium ( contribution ) insurance . But all must be done well , transparent , fair and based on the Muslim brotherhood .Here are ten basic principles in Islamic insurance management mechanism . And how beautiful these ten principles , if implemented well in Islamic insurance . And after reading these ten principles , do not you interested in sharia insurance ... ?
Wallahu A’lam bis shawab
Embryos Takaful - Islamic History In Insan Protection
A. AttaÂ'min Definition View of Language
In Arabic , Insurance called AttaÂ'min ( التأمين ) which is derived from the word ( أمن ) that has the meaning given protection , tranquility , security and freedom from fear , as Allah SWT says :' It is God who secured them from fear . 'Of the word ( أمن ) above which is the basic word ( التأمين ) , appear other words that have similar meaning , namely : • ( الأمنة من الخوف ) safe from fear . • ( الأمانة ضد الخيانة ) the mandate opposite of treasonous . • ( الإيمان ضد الكفر ) faith opponent of infidelity . • ( إعطاء الأمنة / الأمن ) gives a sense of security .The latter sense the closest to translate the term attaÂ'min , namely : MentaÂ'minkan something , it means someone pay / submit installments so that he or his heirs get some money as agreed , or to get the dressing on his property missing .
• Takaful ( TaÂ'min , Takaful or Tadhamun ) is a mutual effort to protect and mutual help among a number of people / parties through investment in assets and / or tabarru ' which gives the pattern of return to face a particular risk through the contract ( engagement ) in accordance with the sharia .
• Agreement in accordance with Sharia is that it does not contain gharar ( deception ) , maysir ( gambling ) , usury , dzulm ( persecution ) , risywah ( bribes ) , is forbidden and immoral .
• ( According to the National Sharia Board of MUI , the No. DSN . 21 / DSN-MUI/IX/2001 )
B. Origin of Takaful
1 ) Al - Aqila
• Al - Aqilah are mutually responsible for the bear or family . If one of the members of the tribe were killed by members of the other tribes , the heir of the victim will be paid with blood money ( diyat ) as compensation to the next of kin of the killer . Next of kin of the killer called aqilah . Then they raise funds ( al - kanzu ) are intended to help families involved in the killing was not intentional .• Ibn Hajar Al - Aqilah Asqolani argued that the system is accepted and become part of the Islamic law . This is evident from the hadith that tells a quarrel between two women of the tribe Huzail , where one of them hit the other with a stone to cause the death of the woman and unborn baby . Heir of the victims brought the issue to court . Prophet gave the decision that the compensation for the murderer of baby is freeing slaves , both men and women . While compensation over killing of women is blood money ( diyat ) to be paid by Aqilah ( paternal relatives ) of the accused .• Al - Muwalat ie collateral agreement , whereby the surety guarantees a person who has no heir and no heirs dikeketahui . Guarantor agrees to bear paid him , if the person who is doing jinayah guaranteed . If the person who secured dies , then the guarantor shall inherit his property as long as no heirs . ( Az Zarqa ' in Aqdud TaÂ'min ) .• That a draft agreement relating to human . This system involves fundraising efforts in a savings or money collecting contributions from participants or majlis . The benefit will be paid to the heirs who were killed when the murder case was not known who the killer or no viable witness to really know for sure who the killer is .
2 ) At- Tanahud
o Tanahud is like of food collected from the participants safar mixed into one . The food then passes it on time to them , although they get a different portion .o In a history stated , " Highways AsyÂ'ari ( AsyÂ'ariyin ) when her family experienced food shortages , then they collect what they have in the collection . then divided evenly among them . they are part of us and we are part of the them . " ( Narrated by Bukhari )o In this case , food can be delivered the same or different levels . So it is with food received , it could be the same or different portions .
3 ) Al - hirasah AQD
o That contract security guards . In the Islamic world occurs various contracts between individuals , for example, there are individuals who want to survive and then he made a contract with a person to maintain his safety , where he paid some money to the guards , the compensation will be guarded by the kemanannya .
4 ) Dhiman Khatr Tariq
o This contract is a guarantee of traffic safety . Muslim traders in the past wanted to get General fire safety protection , then he made a contract with the people who are strong and brave in vulnerable areas . They pay a sum of money , and others maintain the safety of his journey .
C. Ancestor Takaful
1 ) The forms muamalah above ( Al - Aqilah , Al - Muwalah , At- Tanahud , etc. ) because it has similarities with the principles of Islamic insurance , is considered by some scholars as a reference embryo and Islamic insurance operations are managed professionally . The difference is, the system is based on the charity muamalah tathawwu and tabarru are not profit-oriented .2 ) Then it syakliyah , contract forms above does have similarities with insurance , although some of them questionable ' recognition ' of Islam against the contract . Such as Al - Muwalat , which actually is a system of inheritance in the life pattern of ignorance , which is the beginning of the transition era Islam was recognized . But then Islam set mawarisnya system itself so that it does not have a contract form again .3 ) Then on Aqilah , who actually ' premium payers ' do not get ' benefits ' of the premium , because it is for other people . This suggests there is a difference between insurance syakliyah with Aqilah . It is also common in Dhaman Khatr Tariq contract , where the surety gives guarantee is voluntary , and not based on ' premium ' paid by the assured .
G. Hadith of Islamic insurance practice brotherhood
In an illustrated history :
In Arabic , Insurance called AttaÂ'min ( التأمين ) which is derived from the word ( أمن ) that has the meaning given protection , tranquility , security and freedom from fear , as Allah SWT says :' It is God who secured them from fear . 'Of the word ( أمن ) above which is the basic word ( التأمين ) , appear other words that have similar meaning , namely : • ( الأمنة من الخوف ) safe from fear . • ( الأمانة ضد الخيانة ) the mandate opposite of treasonous . • ( الإيمان ضد الكفر ) faith opponent of infidelity . • ( إعطاء الأمنة / الأمن ) gives a sense of security .The latter sense the closest to translate the term attaÂ'min , namely : MentaÂ'minkan something , it means someone pay / submit installments so that he or his heirs get some money as agreed , or to get the dressing on his property missing .
• Takaful ( TaÂ'min , Takaful or Tadhamun ) is a mutual effort to protect and mutual help among a number of people / parties through investment in assets and / or tabarru ' which gives the pattern of return to face a particular risk through the contract ( engagement ) in accordance with the sharia .
• Agreement in accordance with Sharia is that it does not contain gharar ( deception ) , maysir ( gambling ) , usury , dzulm ( persecution ) , risywah ( bribes ) , is forbidden and immoral .
• ( According to the National Sharia Board of MUI , the No. DSN . 21 / DSN-MUI/IX/2001 )
B. Origin of Takaful
1 ) Al - Aqila
• Al - Aqilah are mutually responsible for the bear or family . If one of the members of the tribe were killed by members of the other tribes , the heir of the victim will be paid with blood money ( diyat ) as compensation to the next of kin of the killer . Next of kin of the killer called aqilah . Then they raise funds ( al - kanzu ) are intended to help families involved in the killing was not intentional .• Ibn Hajar Al - Aqilah Asqolani argued that the system is accepted and become part of the Islamic law . This is evident from the hadith that tells a quarrel between two women of the tribe Huzail , where one of them hit the other with a stone to cause the death of the woman and unborn baby . Heir of the victims brought the issue to court . Prophet gave the decision that the compensation for the murderer of baby is freeing slaves , both men and women . While compensation over killing of women is blood money ( diyat ) to be paid by Aqilah ( paternal relatives ) of the accused .• Al - Muwalat ie collateral agreement , whereby the surety guarantees a person who has no heir and no heirs dikeketahui . Guarantor agrees to bear paid him , if the person who is doing jinayah guaranteed . If the person who secured dies , then the guarantor shall inherit his property as long as no heirs . ( Az Zarqa ' in Aqdud TaÂ'min ) .• That a draft agreement relating to human . This system involves fundraising efforts in a savings or money collecting contributions from participants or majlis . The benefit will be paid to the heirs who were killed when the murder case was not known who the killer or no viable witness to really know for sure who the killer is .
2 ) At- Tanahud
o Tanahud is like of food collected from the participants safar mixed into one . The food then passes it on time to them , although they get a different portion .o In a history stated , " Highways AsyÂ'ari ( AsyÂ'ariyin ) when her family experienced food shortages , then they collect what they have in the collection . then divided evenly among them . they are part of us and we are part of the them . " ( Narrated by Bukhari )o In this case , food can be delivered the same or different levels . So it is with food received , it could be the same or different portions .
3 ) Al - hirasah AQD
o That contract security guards . In the Islamic world occurs various contracts between individuals , for example, there are individuals who want to survive and then he made a contract with a person to maintain his safety , where he paid some money to the guards , the compensation will be guarded by the kemanannya .
4 ) Dhiman Khatr Tariq
o This contract is a guarantee of traffic safety . Muslim traders in the past wanted to get General fire safety protection , then he made a contract with the people who are strong and brave in vulnerable areas . They pay a sum of money , and others maintain the safety of his journey .
C. Ancestor Takaful
1 ) The forms muamalah above ( Al - Aqilah , Al - Muwalah , At- Tanahud , etc. ) because it has similarities with the principles of Islamic insurance , is considered by some scholars as a reference embryo and Islamic insurance operations are managed professionally . The difference is, the system is based on the charity muamalah tathawwu and tabarru are not profit-oriented .2 ) Then it syakliyah , contract forms above does have similarities with insurance , although some of them questionable ' recognition ' of Islam against the contract . Such as Al - Muwalat , which actually is a system of inheritance in the life pattern of ignorance , which is the beginning of the transition era Islam was recognized . But then Islam set mawarisnya system itself so that it does not have a contract form again .3 ) Then on Aqilah , who actually ' premium payers ' do not get ' benefits ' of the premium , because it is for other people . This suggests there is a difference between insurance syakliyah with Aqilah . It is also common in Dhaman Khatr Tariq contract , where the surety gives guarantee is voluntary , and not based on ' premium ' paid by the assured .
D. Agreement - Agreement between the Islamic Insurance System
o Although the contract - agreement above has some similarities with
the insurance system , but in fact it syakliyah are fundamental
differences that set it apart enough with insurance .o It should be recognized that the new Islamic world acquainted with
insurance at about the 19th century , when the colonization of the
Western World against Islamic countries .o The real reason for insurance is something new and unfamiliar among Muslims . And in character , the insurance is very strong with growth and
development characteristics of the country which is very different from
the character of Islamic Tenets .o But that does not mean that it is not legitimate Islamic law and is not allowed . Because the problem is in principle important muamalah not violate or conflict with Islamic principles . Sharia Rule says :" Basically, the law is something that should never, until there is proof that shows its prohibition ".
E. In the book of First Insurance Discussion Classic
o Ibn Abidin ( 1784Â - 1836) is considered the first among fuqoha discussing insurance issues . Ibn Abidin is a bermazhab Hanafi scholars , who began to discuss his
insurance in the popular , namely Hasyiyah Ibn Abidin , Chapter Jihad ,
Al - Pagan Fashl Isti'man .o
He wrote , " It has become a habit when the merchant ship from a harby
hire , they pay the wages of its transportation . He also paid a sum of
money for a harby who are in the country of origin tenants ship , which
is referred to as sukarah ( insurance premium ) provided that the goods user
- ship items rented it , if destroyed by fire , drowning , hijacked or
so , then the recipient of the insurance premium money into the insurer
in exchange for the money taken from the merchant . goods if they get
into trouble yangdisebutkan above , then the wakillah were paid to the merchants as a substitute for money but fell short of the money provided to it.
F. Looking for Islamic Insurance Alternatives
o In essence, humans are a large family of humanity. To be able to achieve a life together, man must help each other and bear one another between each other.
o At-Takaful System, which bear one another between human beings, is the foundation for human activities to the activities of the human family as a social being.
o With the foundation 'takaful' in insurance, will materialize Islamic relations among the participants who agreed to bear the risk that joint over the disaster, such as fire or other.
o spirit bertakaful emphasis on common interests on the basis of a sense of brotherhood among the participants. Kepertingan prioritizing personal nature or boost benefit solely, eliminated minimum in Islamic insurance.
o At-Takaful System, which bear one another between human beings, is the foundation for human activities to the activities of the human family as a social being.
o With the foundation 'takaful' in insurance, will materialize Islamic relations among the participants who agreed to bear the risk that joint over the disaster, such as fire or other.
o spirit bertakaful emphasis on common interests on the basis of a sense of brotherhood among the participants. Kepertingan prioritizing personal nature or boost benefit solely, eliminated minimum in Islamic insurance.
G. Hadith of Islamic insurance practice brotherhood
In an illustrated history :
"
From Nu'man bin Bashir ra , Rasulullah SAW said , the Muslim
brotherhood in Parable of love and affection between them is like one
body . Whenever one part of the body to feel pain , it will be felt by
other parts of the body , such as when it can not sleep or when a fever . " ( Narrated by Muslim )This hadith illustrates the existence of helping each other in an Islamic society . Described the situation as one in which the body : if there is one member of a sick society , then the others feel it . Minimal to see him , or even provide assistance . And sometimes aid received , the amount exceeds the costs incurred for treatment . So there was a surplus , which can at least reduce the burden of suffering of people affected by the disaster . This hadith is the basis philosophy of the establishment of Takaful system .Rikza Maulan Lc MASecretary of the Sharia Supervisory Board
PHILOSOPHICAL ISLAM
PHILOSOPHICAL ISLAM
Islamic economic philosophy by Adiwarman Karim, consists of four things:
First, the principle of unity, which is where we believe will kemahaesaan and omnipotence of Allah in organizing things, including the acquisition mechanism rizki. So that all activities, including economic, should be implemented as a form of devotion to God Almighty in total.
Secondly, the principle of fairness and balance, which is the basis of human welfare. Therefore, any economic activity must always be in the corridors of justice and balance. then
The third is freedom. this means that every human being has the freedom to carry out economic activities as long as no provision which Allah forbade.
Furthermore, the fourth is accountability. This means that humans must assume all responsibility for all the decisions that have been taken
Islamic economic philosophy by Adiwarman Karim, consists of four things:
First, the principle of unity, which is where we believe will kemahaesaan and omnipotence of Allah in organizing things, including the acquisition mechanism rizki. So that all activities, including economic, should be implemented as a form of devotion to God Almighty in total.
Secondly, the principle of fairness and balance, which is the basis of human welfare. Therefore, any economic activity must always be in the corridors of justice and balance. then
The third is freedom. this means that every human being has the freedom to carry out economic activities as long as no provision which Allah forbade.
Furthermore, the fourth is accountability. This means that humans must assume all responsibility for all the decisions that have been taken
Takaful benefits
Islamic insurance can be the Alternative option for the protection of Muslims who want products that comply with Islamic law. This product can also be an option for people of other faiths who view this concept is fair for them. Sharia is a principle or system of air-universal properties which can be used by anyone interested. So a review on Islamic insurance. Hopefully this review and broaden your knowledge.
Islamic insurance can be the Alternative option for the protection of Muslims who want products that comply with Islamic law. This product can also be an option for people of other faiths who view this concept is fair for them. Sharia is a principle or system of air-universal properties which can be used by anyone interested. So a review on Islamic insurance. Hopefully this review and broaden your knowledge.
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